Modern India is the totality of its long historical events. Its long history has a great influence on its image at present; we can see those elements clearly in the form of political, religious, social and administrative structures. As change is the only truth of this world, personality of a person is the total of his past changes, so is the country like India. Today the democratic India we see in front our eyes is not a sudden happening, actually it is after a long historical process which transformed India in all its religious, cultural, political aspects. The many races of foreigners like Aryans, Mohammadens, British and other Europeans came in India and brought new culture and ideas. There is no doubt that some of the ideas were against our culture and we are still carrying them.
India initially was inhibited by Dravidians;
they used to speak the language of south India. The script of their language was Brahmi. The civilization of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro was built by Dravidians. Then the foreign invaders Aryans forced them to move toward south India and they started living behind the river Narmada. Aryans influenced Indian culture very much. Dravidians inherited many things from them like their social structure or the Varna and Ashrams. The language of Aryans was Sanskrit and its script was Devnaagri. They used to worship Varuna, the lord of water. Vedas were their scriptures. Rig-Veda the most ancient book of civilization they brought with them while other Vedas and scriptures like Brahman Granth (like Manu Smriti), Aranyakas and Upanishads they wrote after coming in India. Aryans were well civilized and good fighter. They had the knowledge of weapons and art of war, hence won in their war with Dravidians. Lord Rama and Lord Krishna were the two great personalities of this era. These both persons influenced India by their philosophical and political ideas and are influencing today too. Aryans had their kingdom and ruled over them happily.
The religion of Aryans was Vedic, the initial form of Hinduism as the time passed down it become confined to hard rituals. People started killing animals and humans for the God of Yajna. These rituals had made human life complex. People were blind believer and Purohits used to rule over them. In this way two famous personalities Buddha and Mahavira came into existence. They fought against these rituals and blind beliefs. They knew that Brahmans have made God their copyright as the language of scripture was Sanskrit and the language of the people was Pali. But revolution brought by them could not remain for long time but still their ideas revolutionized the Indian mind.
Many civilization of the world also influenced India. For example the civilization of Mesopotamia was the contemporary of Harappa civilization. Greece civilization also exported many creative ideas to India although Alexander the Great could not succeed over India. But the concept of currency came from Greece when Kushan rulers attacked and ruled India. Chanakya the guardian of Chandragupta Maurya had great role to change the old concepts in the field of public administration and taxation. He united India politically. At this time kingdoms were divided in Mahajanpadas and Mahajanpads into janpads. Gram or village was the basic political unit. Bimbsar the son of Chandragupta Maurya and Asoka the Great carried out this tradition successfully but it broke down due to the Asoka’s way of non-violence. In this way maurya kingdom fell down.
During 9th century Islamic rulers attacked on India and India came in contact with Islamic rulers and country came in contact with Islamic ideas. The dawn of Islam in India destroyed Hindu-Buddhism culture. Muslim rulers brought new concepts of administration and taxation with them. A few of them also thought in favor of public like Akbar the Great while some of them remained cruel. Prithviraj was the last Hindu Samrat who ruled Delhi. In this way many culture intermixed In India. After the Gulam dynasty, Mughal dynasty ruled over the maximum part of India for centuries. Rajputs and Marathas remained limited to small kingdoms of south-west India. Aurangzeb was the last powerful ruler in Mughal Dynasty who died in 1707. His successors were not so powerful and fought with each other to become the king. Again India broke in small Riyasats and kingdoms. These all conditions invited Britishers and other European powers to rule it.
Britishers succeed to make the India their colonial; they looted it and forced Indians to live in poverty. They also played with their religious emotion. Anger of Indians burst in the revolt of 1857. From this revolution the concept of India as a nation arose in people’s mind. Now they were Indians. In this revolt Hindu and Muslims both fought against British Kingdom with unity. After the revolution of 1857 British government planned to change the administrative system of India. After it India was divided in provinces. The concept of civil services and police was brought in India by Lord Corvallis. After the revolution the capital of India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.
Britishers do not want that the revolt of 1857 should repeat in future so Indian national Congress was formed by Hyum as a ‘safety wall’ but this wall fell on them. Many national leaders fought for freedom. Some of them were Mahatma Gandhi, Subhashchandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Tilak and Chandrasekhar Azad. Mother India lost her many beloved sons in this struggle for freedom. At last we got freedom on 15 August 1947. When our leaders wrote our constitution they took many rules, laws and acts from different countries and also from our history for example Right to equality came from Buddhism. So today we are carrying our past with us. History of India has a great role in building the modern structure of modern India.
they used to speak the language of south India. The script of their language was Brahmi. The civilization of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro was built by Dravidians. Then the foreign invaders Aryans forced them to move toward south India and they started living behind the river Narmada. Aryans influenced Indian culture very much. Dravidians inherited many things from them like their social structure or the Varna and Ashrams. The language of Aryans was Sanskrit and its script was Devnaagri. They used to worship Varuna, the lord of water. Vedas were their scriptures. Rig-Veda the most ancient book of civilization they brought with them while other Vedas and scriptures like Brahman Granth (like Manu Smriti), Aranyakas and Upanishads they wrote after coming in India. Aryans were well civilized and good fighter. They had the knowledge of weapons and art of war, hence won in their war with Dravidians. Lord Rama and Lord Krishna were the two great personalities of this era. These both persons influenced India by their philosophical and political ideas and are influencing today too. Aryans had their kingdom and ruled over them happily.
The religion of Aryans was Vedic, the initial form of Hinduism as the time passed down it become confined to hard rituals. People started killing animals and humans for the God of Yajna. These rituals had made human life complex. People were blind believer and Purohits used to rule over them. In this way two famous personalities Buddha and Mahavira came into existence. They fought against these rituals and blind beliefs. They knew that Brahmans have made God their copyright as the language of scripture was Sanskrit and the language of the people was Pali. But revolution brought by them could not remain for long time but still their ideas revolutionized the Indian mind.
Many civilization of the world also influenced India. For example the civilization of Mesopotamia was the contemporary of Harappa civilization. Greece civilization also exported many creative ideas to India although Alexander the Great could not succeed over India. But the concept of currency came from Greece when Kushan rulers attacked and ruled India. Chanakya the guardian of Chandragupta Maurya had great role to change the old concepts in the field of public administration and taxation. He united India politically. At this time kingdoms were divided in Mahajanpadas and Mahajanpads into janpads. Gram or village was the basic political unit. Bimbsar the son of Chandragupta Maurya and Asoka the Great carried out this tradition successfully but it broke down due to the Asoka’s way of non-violence. In this way maurya kingdom fell down.
During 9th century Islamic rulers attacked on India and India came in contact with Islamic rulers and country came in contact with Islamic ideas. The dawn of Islam in India destroyed Hindu-Buddhism culture. Muslim rulers brought new concepts of administration and taxation with them. A few of them also thought in favor of public like Akbar the Great while some of them remained cruel. Prithviraj was the last Hindu Samrat who ruled Delhi. In this way many culture intermixed In India. After the Gulam dynasty, Mughal dynasty ruled over the maximum part of India for centuries. Rajputs and Marathas remained limited to small kingdoms of south-west India. Aurangzeb was the last powerful ruler in Mughal Dynasty who died in 1707. His successors were not so powerful and fought with each other to become the king. Again India broke in small Riyasats and kingdoms. These all conditions invited Britishers and other European powers to rule it.
Britishers succeed to make the India their colonial; they looted it and forced Indians to live in poverty. They also played with their religious emotion. Anger of Indians burst in the revolt of 1857. From this revolution the concept of India as a nation arose in people’s mind. Now they were Indians. In this revolt Hindu and Muslims both fought against British Kingdom with unity. After the revolution of 1857 British government planned to change the administrative system of India. After it India was divided in provinces. The concept of civil services and police was brought in India by Lord Corvallis. After the revolution the capital of India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.
Britishers do not want that the revolt of 1857 should repeat in future so Indian national Congress was formed by Hyum as a ‘safety wall’ but this wall fell on them. Many national leaders fought for freedom. Some of them were Mahatma Gandhi, Subhashchandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Tilak and Chandrasekhar Azad. Mother India lost her many beloved sons in this struggle for freedom. At last we got freedom on 15 August 1947. When our leaders wrote our constitution they took many rules, laws and acts from different countries and also from our history for example Right to equality came from Buddhism. So today we are carrying our past with us. History of India has a great role in building the modern structure of modern India.
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